Examining optimism and flourishing as protective factors of suicidality across the adult lifespan: A cross-sectional investigation in three Spanish age groups.

We examined optimism and flourishing as unique protective predictors of suicidality (viz., suicidal ideation and suicidal behaviors) in a cross-sectional study of young adults (18-35 years), middle-aged adults (36-55 years), and older adults (≥56 years). Young adults were found to have higher levels of suicidal ideation and suicidal behaviors compared to middle-aged and older adults. Controlling for depressive symptoms, the results of conducting regression analyses consistently implicated flourishing as a distinct predictor of lower suicidal ideation and suicidal behaviors in young adults and middle-aged adults. However, for older adults, only optimism was found to be a unique predictor of lower suicidal ideation and suicidal behaviors. Implications of the present findings for understanding the differential role of optimism and flourishing in accounting for suicidality across the adult lifespan are discussed.

The Impact of Stressful Life Events on Suicidal Ideation in Gender Dysphoria: A Moderator Effect of Perceived Social Support.

Factors associated with suicidal ideation in the gender dysphoria population are not completely understood. This high-risk population is more likely to suffer stressful events such as assault or employment discrimination. This study aimed to determine the association of stressful events and social support on suicidal ideation in gender dysphoria and to analyze the moderator effect of social support in relation to stressful events and suicidal ideation. A cross-sectional design was used in a clinical sample attending a public gender identity unit in Spain that consisted of 204 individuals (51.7% birth-assigned males and 48.3% birth-assigned females), aged between 13 and 59 (M = 27.95 years, SD = 9.58). A Structured Clinical Interview, a list of 16 stressful events, and a functional social support questionnaire (Duke-UNC-11) were used during the initial visits to the unit. The data were collected between 2011 and 2012. A total of 50.1% of the sample have had suicidal ideation. The following stressful events were associated with suicidal ideation: homelessness, eviction from home, and having suffered from physical or verbal aggression. Also, there was an inverse relation between perceived social support and suicidal ideation. There was a statistically significant interaction between a specific stressful event (eviction) and perceived social support. The study suggests that the promotion of safer environments could be related to lower suicidal ideation and that networks that provide social support could buffer the association between specific stressful events and suicidal ideation.

Intervenciones en Psicología Positiva para la disminución de la depresión y el fomento del bienestar en personas mayores de 60 años: Una revisión sistemática de la última década (2012-2022) / Interventions in Positive Psychology to reduce depression and promote well-being in the elderly: A systematic review of the last decade (2012-2022)

En los últimos años distintos estudios muestran la eficacia de las intervenciones en Psicología Positiva para mejorar la sintomatología depresiva y el bienestar en población adulta; sin embargo, hay pocos estudios que revisen la eficacia de estas intervenciones en personas de 60 años o más. Objetivo: recoger y sintetizar la evidencia existente en la última década con respecto a las intervenciones en Psicología Positiva en estas personas. Método: se ha realizado una revisión sistemática (RS) que recoge las publicaciones, realizadas entre enero de 2012 y julio de 2022, procedentes de las bases de datos SCOPUS, WOS/Medline y PROQUEST/PsycInfo. Se seleccionaron 944 estudios empíricos, de los cuales 18 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Resultados: se presenta evidencia sobre la eficacia de las intervenciones en Psicología Positiva para reducir la sintomatología depresiva e incrementar el bienestar subjetivo y psicológico en personas de estas edades, con efectos superiores a los de otros grupos de control. Esto sucede con programas de intervención en bienestar, al entrenar varias fortalezas- gratitud o perdón junto con otras- o entrenando en mindfulness. Conclusión: estos resultados subrayan la importancia de considerar las intervenciones en Psicología Positiva como terapias complementarias para mejorar la salud mental y la calidad de vida en personas mayores de 60 años.

Recently, different studies have shown the efficacy of interventions in Positive Psychology to improve both depressive symptoms and well-being in adults. However, there are only a few studies that review the efficacy of these interventions in people aged 60 years and older. Objective: synthesize the evidence from the last decade about these interventions in these people. Method: A systematic review was conducted. Publications between 2012 and 2022 -from SCOPUS, WOS/Medline and PROQUEST/PsycInfo- were included. After analyzing 944 empirical works, 18 studies have met the inclusion criteria. Results: the results show the efficacy of interventions in Positive Psychology, both to reduce depressive symptoms, and to increase subjective and psychological well-being in people of these ages, compared to other control groups. These effects are found with interventions on well-being, with interventions on personal strengths -gratitude or forgiveness in combination with sense of humor, empathy, meaning of life or emotional regulation- or through training on mindfulness. Conclusions: The preliminary results point out the importance of interventions in Positive Psychology as complementary therapies to improve the metal health and quality of life in people over 60 years.

¿Es la ambición una cuestión de género? Antecedentes de los estudiantes vs. empleados de la ambición sobre el liderazgo / Is ambition a gendered issue? Students' vs employees' antecedents of Ambition about Leadership

El presente estudio bibliométrico tuvo como objetivo conocer y analizar la actividad científica disponible sobre percepción y detección de violencia de género (VG) e identificación como víctimas. Se realizó una búsqueda sin límite temporal en la base de datos Scopus hallando 2.152 documentos. Para reducir el ruido documental de la búsqueda, se cribaron los resultados y se analizaron 974 documentos finales procedentes de 465 fuentes documentales, 160 revistas, 2.758 autores/as, 159 instituciones y 79 países. Los resultados muestran un aumento en la producción en los últimos años, destacando la publicación de artículos originales. Asimismo, predomina la autoría única por país, siendo Estados Unidos el país puntero. Entre los objetivos de los documentos más citados se encuentra la detección de VG por el personal sanitario, la valoración del riesgo de reincidencia mediante la percepción de las víctimas, así como el estudio de percepciones y actitudes de diferentes actores hacia la VG

This bibliometric study seeks to know and analyse the available scientific activity on the perception and detection of gender violence as well as in the identification as victims. An unlimited search was conducted in the Scopus database, finding 2,152 documents. Subsequently, the results were screened by reducing the documentary noise. The results were obtained from 1984-2020 and the final 974 documents were analysed from 465 documentary sources, 160 journals, 2,758 authors, 159 institutions, and 79 countries. The results show an increase in production in recent years, highlighting the publication of original articles. Likewise, the single author-ship per country predominates, being the United States the leading country. The main objectives of the most cited documents are detection of gender violence by healthcare personnel, assessment of the risk of recidivism through the perception of the victims, as well as the study of perceptions and attitudes of different actors towards gender-violence

Managing Teachers' Job Attitudes: The Potential Benefits of Being a Happy and Emotional Intelligent Teacher.

According to the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions, the frequency of positive emotions is associated with the development of positive attitudes, cognitions, and behaviors in organizational contexts. However, positive and negative attitudes at work might also be influenced by different personal and job resources. While emotional intelligence has been significantly associated with positive job attitudes and personal well-being, no studies have yet examined the joint role of teacher happiness and emotional intelligence in key teacher job attitudes. The present study assesses whether emotional intelligence interacts with levels of teacher happiness to jointly explain important teacher job attitudes (i.e., job satisfaction and turnover intention). A total sample of 685 teaching professionals (431 female) filled out a battery of scales including subjective happiness, emotional intelligence, job satisfaction, and turnover intention. Our results revealed that subjective happiness was significantly associated with both higher job satisfaction and lower turnover intention. Likewise, emotional intelligence was positively related to happiness and job satisfaction, and negatively related to turnover intention. Finally, interaction analysis showed the main effects of happiness and emotional intelligence in explaining teacher job attitudes. Beyond the main effects, the interaction effects of happiness and emotional intelligence were significant in predicting all teachers' job attitude indicators, even controlling for the effects of their sociodemographic variables. This work expands our knowledge about the role of teachers' positive emotions in the development of positive work attitudes, and also supports the inclusion of emotional skills in future teacher preparation programs as resources to facilitate work-related well-being.

A Meta-Analysis of the Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence and Academic Performance in Secondary Education: A Multi-Stream Comparison.

This study was a quantitative meta-analysis of empirical research on the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and academic performance (AP) that included the three main theoretical models of EI. We conducted a computerized literature search in the main electronic databases. Forty-four of an initial 3,210 articles met the inclusion criteria. With 49 effect sizes and a cumulative sample size of 19,861 participants, we found significant heterogeneity indices indicating a variety of results. In general, the results of this study indicated a significant effect of EI on AP ( Z ¯ = 0.26). Average association between EI and AP was higher in studies measured EI as ability ( Z ¯ = 0.31), than studies measured EI as self-report ( Z ¯ = 0.24), and self-report mixed EI ( Z ¯ = 0.26). In the educational field, this meta-analysis provides information on the specific role of EI as a function of used measures. Some practical implications are discussed.

Optimism and gratitude on suicide risk in Spanish adults: Evidence for doubling up or doubling down?

OBJECTIVE: The present study examines the role of optimism and gratitude as predictors of suicide risk, namely depressive symptoms and suicide ideation. Beyond their expected predictive role, optimism and gratitude were also hypothesized to interact together to predict both suicide risk outcomes. METHODS: A sample of 1,013 Spanish adults (521 females) participated in this study. The average age was 39.63 years old (standard deviation = 16.19; range 16-82). RESULTS: Results indicated that the optimism × gratitude interaction term significantly augmented the prediction of both depressive symptoms and suicide ideation. Specifically, pessimists presented with a higher risk of suicide, but the effect was weaker among those individuals with higher levels of gratitude. Alternatively, optimists with high gratitude showed the highest amount of protection from suicide risk. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings are the first to show how optimism and gratitude might interact as a positive psychological variable to confer greater personal resources in protecting individuals against suicide risk.

Frequency of suicidal ideation inventory: psychometric properties of the spanish version / Inventario de Frecuencia de Ideación Suicida: Propiedades Psicométricas de la Versión Española

BACKGROUND: The Frequency of Suicidal Ideation Inventory (FSII) is a new and brief measure designed to assess for suicide ideation frequency in the previous year. To provide evidence of the reliability and validity for the FSII in a Spanish-speaking community, the present study examined the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the FSII (FSII-S) in a sample of 1,013 adults from southern Spain (51.4% women), ranging from 18 to 82 years old. METHOD: In addition to the FSII-S, the participants completed the following measures: Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised, Beck Depression Inventory, Positive and Negative Affectivity Scale, Flourishing Scale, and Satisfaction with Life Scale. RESULTS: The results of Confirmatory Factor Analysis indicated a good fit for a one-dimensional model of the FSII-S, and high reliability (a = .89). FSII-S scores correlated negatively with suicide protective factors, and positively with suicide risk factors. Multi-group analyses showed the invariance of the factor structure of FSII-S across gender and age. CONCLUSIONS: In line with studies in other countries, these findings provide evidence of the validity, reliability, and invariance of the FSII-S as a brief measure of suicidal ideation frequency in Spanish adults

ANTECEDENTES: el Inventario de Frecuencia de Ideación Suicida (FSII) es una medida nueva y breve que evalúa la frecuencia de ideaciones suicidas en el último año. Para proporcionar evidencias de fiabilidad y validez del FSII en la comunidad hispano-hablante, el presente estudio examinó las propiedades psicométricas de la versión española del FSII (FSII-S) en una muestra de 1.013 adultos del sur de España (51,4% mujeres), con un rango de edad de 18 a 82 años. MÉTODO: además del FSII-S, los participantes completaron las siguientes medidas: Cuestionario Revisado de Comportamientos Suicidas, Inventario de Depresión de Beck, Escala de Afectividad Positiva y Negativa, Escala de Plenitud y Escala de Satisfacción Vital. RESULTADOS: los resultados de la estructura interna indicaron un buen ajuste del modelo unidimensional del FSII-S y una alta fiabilidad (a = .89). Las puntuaciones del FSII-S correlacionaron negativamente con factores protectores del suicidio y positivamente con factores del riesgo suicida. Los análisis multigrupos mostraron invarianza de estructura factorial del FSII-S por género y edad. CONCLUSIONES: consistente con estudios en otros países, estos hallazgos proporcionan evidencia de la validez, fiabilidad e invarianza del FSII-S como medida breve de frecuencia de ideación suicida en adultos españoles

Frequency of Suicidal Ideation Inventory: Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Version.

BACKGROUND: The Frequency of Suicidal Ideation Inventory (FSII) is a new and brief measure designed to assess for suicide ideation frequency in the previous year. To provide evidence of the reliability and validity for the FSII in a Spanish-speaking community, the present study examined the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the FSII (FSII-S) in a sample of 1,013 adults from southern Spain (51.4% women), ranging from 18 to 82 years old. METHOD: In addition to the FSII-S, the participants completed the following measures: Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised, Beck Depression Inventory, Positive and Negative Affectivity Scale, Flourishing Scale, and Satisfaction with Life Scale. RESULTS: The results of Confirmatory Factor Analysis indicated a good fit for a one-dimensional model of the FSII-S, and high reliability (a = .89). FSII-S scores correlated negatively with suicide protective factors, and positively with suicide risk factors. Multi-group analyses showed the invariance of the factor structure of FSII-S across gender and age. CONCLUSIONS: In line with studies in other countries, these findings provide evidence of the validity, reliability, and invariance of the FSII-S as a brief measure of suicidal ideation frequency in Spanish adults.

The Interactive Effects of Personal Resources on Teachers' Work Engagement and Withdrawal Intentions: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach.

This research contributes to the current knowledge on teacher well-being by examining an integrated model with a personal resource (i.e., emotional intelligence) explaining teacher withdrawal intention through a mediator (i.e., work engagement) and considering the moderator effect of a second personal resource (i.e., teacher self-efficacy) in this relationship. Adopting a cross-sectional design, a total of 702 teachers (63.2% female) working at different educational levels took part in this study. The results showed that emotional intelligence and teacher self-efficacy were positively related to work engagement and negatively related to withdrawal intentions. Most importantly, the results demonstrated support for the hypothesized model-that is, teacher self-efficacy moderated the relationship between emotional intelligence and work engagement. Taken together, our findings highlight both emotional intelligence and teacher self-efficacy as positive individual resources for increased work engagement and reduced withdrawal intentions. This study has implications for the development of intervention programs aiming at increasing occupational well-being in educational settings.

Validation of the spanish version of the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire in adolescents / Validación de la versión española del Cuestionario de Estrategias de Regulación Cognitiva Emocional en adolescentes

BACKGROUND: The Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) is an instrument that assesses nine cognitive strategies to cope with negative situations. The aim of this study was to validate the CERQ for a sample of Spanish adolescents, to analyse reliability and validity, and to examine the factor structure by confirmatory factor analysis. METHOD: The Spanish version of CERQ (CERQ-S) and other scales (gratitude, emotional intelligence, satisfaction with life, depression, anxiety and stress) were completed by 835 adolescents aged 14-18 (455 girls) from the South of Spain. RESULTS: The results showed that the CERQ-S in adolescents (CERQ-SA) has appropriate psychometric properties with indexes of reliability a = .89 and w = .96, and the original nine-factor structure was confirmed. There was also significant correlation between the CERQ-SA and the other scales, showing evidence of convergent validity. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the CERQ-SA could be useful for appraising cognitive coping in adolescents. This will help to expand the study and understanding of these strategies, their influence and their consequences for adolescents' psychological functioning and health

ANTECEDENTES: el Cuestionario de Estrategias de Regulación Cognitiva Emocional (CERQ) es un instrumento que evalúa nueve estrategias cognitivas para afrontar situaciones negativas. El objetivo de este estudio fue validar el CERQ en una muestra de adolescentes españoles, analizar la fiabilidad y validez, y examinar la estructura factorial mediante el análisis factorial confirmatorio. MÉTODO: la versión española del CERQ (CERQ-S) y otras escalas (gratitud, inteligencia emocional, satisfacción con la vida, depresión, ansiedad y estrés) fueron completadas por 835 adolescentes entre 14 y 18 años (455 mujeres) del sur de España. RESULTADOS: los resultados mostraron que el CERQ-S en adolescentes (CERQ-SA) posee adecuadas propiedades psicométricas con índices de fiabilidad a = .89 y w = .96, y se corroboró la estructura original. Asimismo, hubo una correlación significativa entre el CERQ-SA y las otras escalas, mostrándose evidencia de validez convergente. CONCLUSIONES: los resultados sugieren que el CERQ-SA podría ser útil para evaluar el afrontamiento cognitivo en adolescentes. Esto permitiría ampliar el estudio y conocimiento de las estrategias, cómo influyen y qué consecuencias tienen en la salud y el funcionamiento psicológico en adolescentes

Validation of the spanish version of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire in Adolescents.

BACKGROUND: The Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) is an instrument that assesses nine cognitive strategies to cope with negative situations. The aim of this study was to validate the CERQ for a sample of Spanish adolescents, to analyse reliability and validity, and to examine the factor structure by confirmatory factor analysis. METHOD: The Spanish version of CERQ (CERQ-S) and other scales (gratitude, emotional intelligence, satisfaction with life, depression, anxiety and stress) were completed by 835 adolescents aged 14-18 (455 girls) from the South of Spain. RESULTS: The results showed that the CERQ-S in adolescents (CERQ-SA) has appropriate psychometric properties with indexes of reliability a = .89 and w = .96, and the original nine-factor structure was confirmed. There was also significant correlation between the CERQ-SA and the other scales, showing evidence of convergent validity. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the CERQ-SA could be useful for appraising cognitive coping in adolescents. This will help to expand the study and understanding of these strategies, their influence and their consequences for adolescents' psychological functioning and health.

Efficacy of a Brief Intervention Based on an Incremental Theory of Personality in the Prevention of Adolescent Dating Violence: A Randomized Controlled Trial / La eficacia de una intervención breve basada en la Teoría Incremental de la Personalidad para la prevención de la violencia en las relaciones de noviazgo adolescentes: un ensayo clínico aleatorizado

New intervention approaches are required for dating violence (DV) prevention, given the limited results of existing programs in achieving behavioral changes. The main objective of this study was to explore the effect of a brief, single-session intervention aimed at promoting an incremental theory of personality (ITP) on dating violence perpetration (DVP) and dating violence victimization (DVV). A double-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) with two parallel groups (experimental vs. control) was conducted. Participants were 123 adolescents (53.7% females, Mage = 15.20, SD = 0.99). Assessment measures were administered one week prior to the intervention, and six months and one year after the intervention. The results of the hierarchical linear models showed that the interaction between time and condition was statistically significant for DVP, showing a significant decrease both in traditional and cyber dating abuse in the experimental condition. The ITP intervention had no effect on DVV. Our findings suggest that the ITP intervention decreases the perpetration of aggressive acts toward the dating partner and support the idea that strategies aimed at preventing peer conflict may also prevent DVP. Increasing our empirical evidence about the efficacy of a one-hour self-applied intervention is of great relevance for moving forward in the prevention of DV

La necesidad de nuevos enfoques de intervención para la prevención de la violencia en el noviazgo (VN) deriva de las limitaciones de los programas existentes para lograr cambios conductuales. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue examinar el efecto de una intervención breve -de una sesión- dirigida a promover una teoría incremental de la personalidad, sobre la perpetración (PVN) y victimización (VVN) de violencia en el noviazgo. Se realizó un ensayo clínico aleatorizado doble ciego con dos grupos paralelos (experimental vs. control). Los participantes fueron 123 adolescentes (53,7% mujeres, Medad = 15.20, DT = 0.99). Las medidas de evaluación se administraron una semana antes de la intervención, seis meses después de la intervención y un año después de la intervención. Los resultados de los modelos lineales jerárquicos mostraron que la interacción entre el tiempo y la condición fue estadísticamente significativa para la PVN, mostrando una disminución significativa tanto en el abuso tradicional como en el ciberacoso en la pareja en la condición experimental. La intervención no tuvo ningún efecto para la VVN. Nuestros hallazgos sugieren que la intervención disminuye la perpetración de actos agresivos hacia la pareja y apoyan la idea de que las estrategias dirigidas a prevenir conflictos entre iguales pueden también prevenir la PVN. El incremento de evidencia empírica sobre la eficacia de una intervención autoaplicable de una hora de duración es de gran relevancia para avanzar en la prevención de la VN

Relationship between stressful life events and emotional intelligence in Mexican adolescents: Male vs. female comparative study / Relación entre sucesos estresantes de la vida e inteligencia emocional percibida en adolescentes mexicanos: Estudio comparativo entre hombres y mujeres

Abstract Introduction Adolescents can present high levels of stress when faced with various biopsychosocial changes, affecting their daily activities and influencing the initiation and development of risk behaviours and/or a mental disorder. Therefore, it is important to identify protective factors against stress, such as emotional intelligence, for adolescents. Objective Determine the effect of stressful life events (SLE) and perceived emotional intelligence (PEI) on the stress level in adolescent high school students and identify differences by sex. Method Cross-sectional study, 1 417 adolescents (57% women and 43% men), with an average age of 15.90 (SD = .91), who were evaluated in levels of PEI, SLE, and stress perceived. Results The results show high rates of stressful events experienced. Attention to emotions increases the perception of stress in both sexes, while clarity and emotional repair have a stress-reducing effect on women. Discussion and conclusions The results suggest that the PEI is determinant in the emotional self-control and the adaptive capacity of the adolescent to face stressful situations.

Resumen Introducción Los adolescentes pueden presentar altos niveles de estrés cuando se enfrentan a diversos cambios biopsicosociales, que afectan sus actividades diarias e influyen en el inicio y el desarrollo de conductas de riesgo y/o trastornos mentales. Por lo tanto, es importante identificar en los adolescentes los factores de protección contra el estrés, como el caso de la inteligencia emocional. Objetivo Determinar el efecto de los sucesos vitales estresantes (SVE) y de la inteligencia emocional percibida (IEP) sobre el nivel de estrés en los adolescentes estudiantes de bachillerato e identificar las diferencias por sexo. Método Estudio transversal, con una muestra de 1 417 adolescentes (57% mujeres y 43% hombres), con una edad media de 15.90 (SD = .91), a los que se evaluó en niveles de IEP, los SVE y el estrés percibido de dichos SVE experimentados. Resultados Los resultados muestran altos índices de eventos estresantes experimentados. La atención a las emociones incrementa la percepción de estrés en ambos sexos, mientras que la claridad y la reparación emocional tienen un efecto amortiguador del estrés en mujeres. Discusión y conclusión Estos resultados sugieren que la IEP resulta determinante en el autocontrol emocional y la capacidad adaptativa del adolescente para afrontar situaciones estresantes.

The Role of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies on Problematic Smartphone Use: Comparison between Problematic and Non-Problematic Adolescent Users.

Prior work has suggested that individuals with deficits in emotion regulation skills are prone to compulsive behaviour and to following maladaptive coping strategies, such as smartphone overuse, to manage negative moods. Adolescence is a vulnerable developmental stage for deficits in emotion regulation, and these are linked to excessive smartphone use. The present study is the first to examine the links between the use of specific cognitive emotion regulation (CER) strategies and problematic smartphone use in a sample of adolescents. A total of 845 Spanish adolescents (455 females) completed the Spanish versions of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire and the Smartphone Addiction Scale, along with a socio-demographic survey. The adolescents were divided into two groups: Non-problematic smartphone users (n = 491, 58.1%) and problematic smartphone users (n = 354, 41.9%). Significant group differences were found, with the problematic users reporting significantly higher scores for all maladaptive CER strategies, including higher self-blame, rumination, blaming of others and catastrophising. The results from logistic regression analyses show that rumination, catastrophising and blaming of others were the most important variables for distinguishing between the two groups, along with gender and parental control outside the home. In summary, these findings suggest the importance of specific maladaptive CER strategies in problematic smartphone use and provide insight for relevant targets for intervention designs.

When and How Do Emotional Intelligence and Flourishing Protect against Suicide Risk in Adolescent Bullying Victims?

This study contributes to current knowledge on the protective role of emotional intelligence and flourishing in cases of suicide risk (namely depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation) in a sample of adolescent victims of traditional bullying. The proposed model tested the mediator role of flourishing in the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and suicide risk together with the moderating effect of EI in the relationship between low flourishing and increased suicide risk. Considering an initial sample of 1847 adolescents (52.5% female), a subsample of 494 pure bullying victims (61.3% female) took part in this research. The main results showed EI to be linked to decreased suicide risk through levels of flourishing. Moreover, EI buffered the relationship between low flourishing and the associated suicide risk. Victimized adolescents with both low levels of EI and of flourishing reported higher levels of suicide risk than their counterparts with high EI levels. This suggests the protective role of EI of both predicting higher flourishing and reducing the likelihood of suicide risk among victimized adolescents with low levels of flourishing. Finally, the practical implications of these novel findings regarding the role of EI and flourishing in the prevention of suicide risk among victimized adolescents are discussed.

Validation of the spanish version of the wong law emotional intelligence scale (wleis-s) / Validación de la versión española de la escala de inteligencia emocional de Wong y Law (WLEIS-S)

Background: The Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS) is a self-report emotional intelligence scale based on the theoretical framework of Mayer & Salovey (1997). The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS; Wong & Law, 2002) in a large sample of 1,460 adults (815 women and 645 men) ranging from 17 to 64 years old (M = 33.27, SD = 11.60). Method: The scale was back-translated and participants completed a battery of questionnaires including the Spanish WLEIS (WLEIS-S), perceived stress scale, subjective happiness scale, life satisfaction scale, and suicide behavioural questionnaire. Results: The results provided evidence of adequate internal consistency and criterion validity consistent with the original version. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a four-factor structure with good fit. Finally, gender differences were found in the overall Emotional Intelligence score and on the appraising the emotion of others dimension, with women scoring higher than men. Conclusions: Overall our results provide evidence that the WLEIS-S might be a promising tool for the assessment emotional intelligence in the Spanish context

Antecedentes: la escala de Inteligencia Emocional de Wong y Law (WLEIS; Wong & Law, 2002) es un instrumento de auto-informe de inteligencia emocional basado en el marco teórico de Mayer y Salovey (1997). El objetivo de este estudio es examinar las propiedades psicométricas de la versión española de la escala Wong y Law (WLEIS-S) en una amplia muestra de 1.460 adultos (815 mujeres y 645 hombres), con edades entre 17 y 64 años (M= 33.27, DT= 11.60). Método: tras su adaptación mediante traducción inversa, los participantes completaron una batería que incluía la WLEIS-S, una escala de estrés, una escala de felicidad y de satisfacción vital y un cuestionario de conductas suicidas. Resultados: los resultados mostraron una consistencia interna adecuada y una validez de criterio en línea con el instrumento original. El análisis factorial confirmatorio mostró una estructura de cuatro factores con buen ajuste. Finalmente, encontramos diferencias de género en la puntuación total y la dimensión de evaluación de las emociones de los demás, siendo las mujeres quienes puntuaban más alto que los hombres. Conclusiones: en general, nuestros resultados proporcionan evidencias de que la WLEIS-S podría ser una herramienta útil para la evaluación de la Inteligencia Emocional en población adulta española

Validation of the Spanish version of the Wong Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS-S).

BACKGROUND: The Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS) is a self-report emotional intelligence scale based on the theoretical framework of Mayer & Salovey (1997). The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS; Wong & Law, 2002) in a large sample of 1,460 adults (815 women and 645 men) ranging from 17 to 64 years old (M = 33.27, SD = 11.60). METHOD: The scale was back-translated and participants completed a battery of questionnaires including the Spanish WLEIS (WLEIS-S), perceived stress scale, subjective happiness scale, life satisfaction scale, and suicide behavioural questionnaire. RESULTS: The results provided evidence of adequate internal consistency and criterion validity consistent with the original version. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a four-factor structure with good fit. Finally, gender differences were found in the overall Emotional Intelligence score and on the appraising the emotion of others dimension, with women scoring higher than men. CONCLUSIONS: Overall our results provide evidence that the WLEIS-S might be a promising tool for the assessment emotional intelligence in the Spanish context.

How Does Emotional Intelligence Make One Feel Better at Work? The Mediational Role of Work Engagement.

Although previous research has highlighted the association between emotional intelligence (EI) and job satisfaction, the underlying mechanisms remain relatively unexplored. To address this gap, this study examined employee engagement as a potential mediator of the association. A multi-occupational sample of 405 Spanish professionals completed the Wong Law Emotional Intelligence Scale, the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale and an Overall Job Satisfaction Scale as well as providing socio-demographic data. As expected, employees' EI was positively related to engagement dimensions (vigour, dedication and absorption) as well as overall job satisfaction. Bootstrap estimates from multiple mediation analysis confirmed that employees' perceived EI was indirectly associated with job satisfaction via vigour and dedication scores, even when controlling for the effects of socio-demographic variables. Similarly, the same pattern was found when multiple mediation was conducted for each EI dimension. Our study contributes to understanding of the processes involved in maintaining and enhancing positive attitudes at work, providing the first, encouraging evidence that work engagement play a role in the EI-job satisfaction link. Our results extend the EI literature by elucidating the pathways through which EI is linked to positive employee attitudes and suggests that intervention programs designed to bolster EI might prove effective at increasing job satisfaction.

Gender Dysphoria and Social Anxiety: An Exploratory Study in Spain.

INTRODUCTION: Social anxiety in gender dysphoria is still under investigation. AIM: To determine the prevalence and associated factors of social anxiety in a sample of individuals with gender dysphoria. METHODS: A cross-sectional design was used in a clinical sample attending a public gender identity unit in Spain. The sample consisted of 210 individuals (48% trans female and 52% trans male). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) for diagnosis of social anxiety disorder, Structured Clinical Interview, Exposure to Violence Questionnaire (EVQ), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), and Functional Social Support Questionnaire (Duke-UNC-11). RESULTS: Of the total sample, 31.4% had social anxiety disorder. Social anxiety disorder was highly correlated with age (r = -0.181; CI = 0.061-0.264; P = .009) and depression (r = 0.345; CI = 0.213-0.468; P < .001); it is strongly associated to current cannabis use (relative risk [RR] = 1.251; CI = 1.070-1.463; P = .001) and lifetime suicidal ideation (RR = 1.902; CI 1.286-2.814; P < .001). Moreover, it is significantly associated to lifetime nonsuicidal self-injury (RR = 1.188; CI 1.018-1.386; P = .011), nationality (RR = 7.792; CI 1.059-57.392; P = .013), perceived violence at school during childhood and adolescence (r = 0.169; CI = 0.036-0.303; P = .014), unemployment (RR = 1.333; CI 1.02-1.742; P = .021), and hospitalization of parents in childhood (RR = 1.146; CI = 1.003-4.419; P = .046). Using multivariable analysis, the highly significant variables within the model were depression score (odds ratio [OR] = 1.083; CI = 1.045-1.123; P < .001) and current cannabis use (OR = 3.873; CI = 1.534-9.779, P = .004), also age (OR = 0.948; CI = 0.909-0.989; P = .012), hospitalization of parents during childhood (OR = 2.618; CI = 1.107-6.189; P = .028), and nationality (OR = 9.427; CI = 1.065-83.457; P = .044) were associated with social anxiety disorder. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the necessity of implementing actions to prevent and treat social anxiety in this high-risk population.